Reasoning GP

Clinical pathways

Fast visual pathways for busy clinicians — one structured flow per presentation, colour-coded by Safety / Diagnose / Refer / Treat / Lifestyle, with a one-tap "why" on every step. Pick a presentation to open its pathway.

265 / 250+ pathways
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Lab Results

hub
🧪 Lab Results — any abnormal blood test One hub for FBC · U&E · LFTs · bone · thyroid · lipids & glucose — anaemia, low sodium, high calcium, deranged LFTs, abnormal TFTs and more →
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Cardiovascular

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🩺 New presentation of high blood pressure Clinic BP ≥140/90 mmHg in an adult, no prior diagnosis. → 🫀 Chest Pain 10-minute consultation pathway for undifferentiated chest pain in adults → 💓 Palpitations Structured 9-step pathway for UK GP: risk stratification, diagnosis, and management → 🦵 Ankle Swelling Covers bilateral & unilateral oedema including cardiac, renal, hepatic, venous, DVT and medication causes → 🚶 Intermittent Claudication Assessment & management of PAD-related claudication | UK primary care → 🫀 High Cholesterol Covers primary & secondary prevention, FH, statin initiation, and cardiovascular risk stratification → 🦵 Leg Cramps Diagnosis & management of muscle cramps in primary care | Adults → 🥶 Raynaud's Phenomenon UK primary care pathway for diagnosing and managing colour changes in fingers/toes triggered by cold or stress → 💉 Hypotension Orthostatic · septic shock · Addison's · drug-induced · neurogenic · fludrocortisone · midodrine · falls (STOPP) →
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Respiratory

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🫁 Acute Asthma Exacerbation PEF % severity · silent chest · MgSO₄ 2g IV · prednisolone 40–50mg · admission criteria → 🫁 Acute COPD Exacerbation Controlled O₂ 88–92% Venturi · prednisolone 30mg ×5d · antibiotics if purulent · NIV → 🫁 Breathlessness Systematic assessment for UK primary care · 10-minute consultation framework → 🫁 Chronic Cough ≥8 weeks · UACS, GORD, cough-variant asthma, eosinophilic bronchitis · cancer exclusion → 💤 Snoring & OSA STOP-BANG risk stratification · sleep study pathway · CPAP & driving regulations → 🫁 Acute Cough CRB-65 · pneumonia · PE Wells/CTPA · haemoptysis 2WW lung cancer · pertussis notification · COPD rescue pack →
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Gastroenterology & Liver

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🔴 Ulcerative Colitis Flare-up Toxic megacolon 999 · Truelove–Witts severe → IV hydrocortisone · day-3 rescue · mesalazine → 🟣 Crohn’s Disease Flare-up Exclude abscess on CT first · HBI severity · prednisolone · TPMT before azathioprine · biologics → 🫃 Hernia Strangulation 999 · femoral hernia urgent all · inguinal vs femoral landmark · repair → 🟡 Biliary Colic & Gallstones Charcot’s triad → cholangitis 999 · Courvoisier 2WW · diclofenac 75mg IM · cholecystectomy → 🫃 Abdominal Mass AAA rupture 999 · 2WW all unexplained adult masses · Virchow’s node · imaging → 🫃 Abdominal Pain Covers acute, subacute, and chronic presentations · Adults ≥18 · UK NHS pathway → 💧 Chronic Diarrhoea Diarrhoea persisting ≥4 weeks · Adults ≥18 · UK NHS pathway → 🟤 Constipation Covers new-onset, chronic, and opioid-induced constipation · Adults ≥18 · UK NHS pathway → 🫁 Dyspepsia RCGP SCA algorithm · UK GP trainees & early-career GPs · 10-minute appointment guide → 🩸 Rectal Bleeding Covers fresh PR bleeding, melaena, occult blood, and haematochezia · Adults ≥18 · UK NHS pathway → 🟢 Diverticulitis GP diagnosis, severity assessment, antibiotic use and surgical referral pathway → 🟣 Crohn's Disease GP assessment, complication exclusion, severity classification and management → 🔴 Ulcerative Colitis GP assessment, severity scoring, treatment escalation and referral pathway → 🟡 Jaundice in Adults Structured approach to diagnosis, investigation, and management of adult jaundice in primary care → 🧪 Abnormal Liver Function Tests Systematic approach from incidental finding to diagnosis · UK Primary Care Pathway → 🫀 Fatty Liver Disease Covers MASLD (NAFLD), ALD, fibrosis staging via FIB-4/ELF, and cirrhosis surveillance → 🩹 Anal Pain Fissure · abscess · haemorrhoids · cancer exclusion · PR examination pathway → 🌿 Anal Itchiness (Pruritus Ani) Hygiene · threadworms · skin disease · contact dermatitis · cancer exclusion → 🔴 Anal Lumps Haemorrhoids · skin tags · warts · abscess · rectal prolapse · cancer exclusion → 😮‍💨 Hiccups Benign self-limiting vs serious cause · phrenic nerve · CNS · metabolic · drug-induced · palliative → 🚽 Faecal Incontinence Passive vs urge · obstetric injury · sphincter defect · rectal prolapse · overflow · NICE NG224 → 🫃 Bloating IBS Rome IV · ovarian cancer CA125 · coeliac · calprotectin · FODMAP · FIT 2WW → 🔥 GORD / Acid Reflux Dysphagia 2WW · oesophageal/gastric cancer alarm features · H. pylori test-and-treat · PPI step-down · Barrett’s · NICE NG12 →
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Renal, Urology & Men’s Health

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🧪 Proteinuria Confirm persistence, quantify with ACR, stage CKD, exclude myeloma. → 🫘 Incidental Renal Mass Bosniak I–IV cysts · 2WW solid enhancing mass · AML >4cm · partial nephrectomy → 🔬 Abnormal Semen Analysis WHO 2021 values · repeat SA before deciding · CBAVD → CFTR · azoospermia referral → 🩺 Acute Kidney Injury UK primary care pathway · NICE AKI guideline (NG148) · Adult patients · 10-minute consultation → 🫘 Chronic Kidney Disease Primary care pathway: G1–G5 · NICE NG203 · Annual review to nephrology referral → 🩸 Haematuria From incidental dipstick finding to urgent cancer pathway · UK Primary Care → 🪨 Renal Colic UK primary care algorithm · RCGP SCA preparation · Based on NICE CKS, EAU Guidelines, BAUS → 🚿 LUTS in Men Primary care pathway: storage, voiding & post-micturition symptoms · BPH, prostate cancer, OAB, UTI exclusion → 💧 Urinary Incontinence RCGP SCA Algorithm · UK GP Practice · 10-minute appointment pathway → 🫁 Chronic Testicular Pain Persistent scrotal pain ≥3 months · Cancer exclusion · Multidisciplinary approach · UK Primary Care → 🔴 Scrotal Pain / Swelling UK primary care algorithm · RCGP SCA preparation · Based on NICE CKS, EAU Guidelines, SIGN → 🔴 Haematospermia Structured 9-step pathway for blood in semen · UK GP / RCGP SCA preparation → 👶 Undescended Testis UK primary care algorithm · RCGP SCA preparation · Based on NICE, EAU Paediatric Guidelines, BAUS → 💊 Erectile Dysfunction Cardiovascular risk marker · Psychogenic & organic causes · UK Primary Care Pathway → 🩺 Premature Ejaculation Lifelong vs acquired · EAU/ISSM guideline-aligned · Pharmacological & behavioural approaches → 🔵 Testicular Lump Cancer exclusion mandatory · USS within 2 weeks · painless lump = cancer until proven otherwise → ⚡ Testicular Pain — Acute & Chronic Torsion = 6-hour surgical emergency · epididymo-orchitis · referred pain · chronic orchialgia → 💧 Penile Discharge Gonorrhoea · NGU · chlamydia · GUM · BASHH · ceftriaxone · doxycycline · partner notification → 🔵 Penile Irritation Balanitis · STI screen · lichen sclerosus · penile cancer exclusion · phimosis · contact dermatitis → 🧫 Recurrent UTI Urosepsis 999 · haematuria 2WW · topical oestrogen · D-mannose · methenamine · prophylaxis · NICE NG112 → 🧔 Testosterone Deficiency Hypogonadism · two morning levels · pituitary exclusion · TRT · fertility · prostate surveillance → 🫛 Anogenital Warts HPV 6/11 · condylomata acuminata · podophyllotoxin · imiquimod · GUM · HPV vaccination · safeguarding → 💧 Dysuria UTI · STI · prostatitis · interstitial cystitis · atrophy · 2WW haematuria · NICE NG112 → 🩺 Penile Disorders Penile SCC 2WW · Fournier's 999 · priapism · paraphimosis · BXO · syphilitic chancre · Peyronie's → 🩹 Anogenital Ulcers Syphilis chancre TPHA/RPR · HSV PCR · LGV · 4th-gen HIV + PEP 72h · Behçet's · non-healing ulcer 2WW →
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Endocrine & Metabolic

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🍬 Glycosuria Glucose in the urine — renal threshold versus new diabetes. → 🩸 DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis) Ketones ≥3.0 + pH <7.3 → 999 · FRIII 0.1 u/kg/h · K⁺ before insulin · euglycaemic DKA → 🍬 Hypoglycaemia Level 3 → 999 / IM glucagon / Baqsimi · sulfonylurea hypo 24–48h obs · 15-15 rule → 🩸 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus RCGP SCA Algorithm · NICE NG28/NG17 · UK Primary Care Pathway → 🦋 Hyperthyroidism UK GP pathway · NICE CKS · BTA guidelines · Suitable for 10-minute consultations → 🦋 Hypothyroidism Primary hypothyroidism · subclinical hypothyroidism · Hashimoto's thyroiditis · levothyroxine initiation & titration → 🦋 Subclinical Hypothyroidism Raised TSH, normal free T4 · Confirm on repeat · TSH ≥10 vs <10 · treat / 6-month trial / monitor · NICE NG145 → 🤰 Thyroid Dysfunction in Pregnancy Hypo, hyper & postpartum thyroiditis · Trimester ranges · levothyroxine ↑30–50% early · PTU · urgent endocrine + antenatal referral → 🤒 Diabetes Sick Day Rules Managing diabetes during illness · SICK & SADMAN rules · never stop insulin · ketones & DKA/HHS · when to seek help → 💉 Feeling Unwell on Insulin Sick-day insulin adjustment · never stop insulin · test glucose & ketones · two dose-adjustment methods · DKA red flags → 🌙 Type 2 Diabetes in Ramadan Risk stratification & medication adjustment · pre-Ramadan assessment · IDF-DAR categories · drug-by-drug dosing · when to break the fast → 🧪 Hypercalcaemia Corrected calcium >2.6 mmol/L · Primary care to acute pathway · Primary hyperparathyroidism · Malignancy → 🧂 Hyponatraemia UK primary care pathway · Na⁺ <135 mmol/L · GP trainees & early-career GPs · SCA-ready → ⚡ Hypokalaemia UK primary care pathway for investigating and managing K+ <3.5 mmol/L → 🔬 Gynaecomastia Systematic GP pathway: male breast tissue enlargement, any age · 10-minute consultation framework → 🧔‍♀️ Hirsutism Excess terminal hair growth in androgen-dependent distribution · NICE CKS · Endocrine Society 2018 → 💧 Hyperhidrosis UK primary care pathway · RCGP SCA preparation · 10-minute appointment framework → ⚡ Hyperkalaemia K⁺ >5.5 · ECG changes · ACEi/ARB · CKD · Addison's · patiromer · sick day rules → 🦴 Hypocalcaemia Tetany / seizure = 999 · correct for albumin · PTH · vitamin D · QT prolongation → 🔬 Hyperprolactinaemia Prolactinoma · pituitary MRI · macroprolactin (PEG) · cabergoline · drug-induced · visual fields · NICE CG116 → ⚖️ Weight Gain Cushing's · drug-induced · semaglutide · DiRECT remission · NAFLD FIB-4 · bariatric surgery · metabolic syndrome → 🧂 Addison’s Disease Adrenal crisis 999 + hydrocortisone · Synacthen test · 21-OH antibodies · fludrocortisone · sick-day rules · steroid card → ⚖️ Metabolic Syndrome Central obesity + dysglycaemia/lipids/BP · QRISK3 · NAFLD FIB-4 · statin · SGLT2i/GLP-1 · DPP · bariatric →
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Neurology

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🦵 Restless Legs Syndrome URGE criteria, iron deficiency, drug triggers and augmentation. → 🧠 Headache Structured 9-step pathway for UK GP trainees and early-career GPs · SCA exam ready → 🧠 TIA Urgent assessment & secondary prevention | NICE NG128 | UK primary care & acute interface → 🌀 Dizziness RCGP SCA algorithm · 9-step systematic approach · UK GP 10-minute consultation → 🌀 Vertigo 10-minute consultation pathway · RCGP SCA exam ready · NICE CKS / BPPV Epley guidelines → 🌀 Ataxia Acute vs chronic incoordination — cerebellar stroke, toxicity, Wernicke's, B12, hereditary & sensory causes → ⚡ Fits / Funny Turns Covers seizure, syncope, TIA, hypoglycaemia, cardiac arrhythmia, and psychogenic causes → ⚡ Sensory Neuropathy UK primary care pathway · RCGP SCA preparation · Peripheral neuropathy workup → 🧠 Delirium Assessment & management of acute confusion in adults | UK primary & secondary care interface → 🌀 Confusion Acute vs chronic confusion — delirium, dementia and organic causes → ⚡ Tingling & Paraesthesia Peripheral neuropathy · entrapment · radiculopathy · central causes · B12 · diabetes · MS → 💫 Transient Loss of Consciousness Syncope · reflex vasovagal · cardiac · orthostatic · epilepsy · DVLA · NICE CG109 → 🦶 Foot Drop Common peroneal nerve · L4/L5 radiculopathy · cord compression · MND · stroke · AFO · DVLA → 🤝 Tremors Essential tremor · Parkinson's · cerebellar · drug-induced · Wilson's · serotonin syndrome · propranolol · NICE NG71 → 🧠 Memory Deficit Delirium vs dementia · MoCA · reversible causes · donepezil · LBD caution · DVLA → 🦵 Leg Weakness Cauda equina/MSCC emergency · GBS · stroke · UMN vs LMN · foot drop · dermatomyositis malignancy screen → 😣 Facial Pain GCA same-day · trigeminal neuralgia · carotid dissection · Ludwig's angina · TMD · dental abscess · NPC 2WW → ⚡ Neuropathic Pain Cauda equina/MSCC red flags · DN4 · amitriptyline/duloxetine/gabapentin/pregabalin · carbamazepine for TN · NICE NG173 → 🔄 BPPV Dix-Hallpike · Epley manoeuvre · central vertigo exclusion · canalith repositioning · recurrence · avoid vestibular sedatives → 👂 Ménière’s Disease Episodic vertigo 20min–12h + fluctuating SNHL + tinnitus · audiometry · MRI IAM · low-salt · betahistine · DVLA →
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Mental Health

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💊 Opioid Dependence Orange Book · NICE TA114 · confirm dependence before prescribing · methadone / buprenorphine OST · take-home naloxone · shared care → 🧠 Psychosis GP assessment, safety, referral and early management pathway → 👁️‍🗨️ Hallucinations Modality-specific assessment — organic, psychiatric & pharmacological causes → 🌙 Insomnia CBT-I first · targeted pharmacology · comorbidity exclusion → 😰 Feeling Anxious GAD · panic disorder · social anxiety · PTSD · health anxiety · GAD-7 · NICE NG197 → 🌧️ Low Mood Depression · adjustment disorder · bipolar · grief · organic causes · PHQ-9 · NICE NG222 → 🧠 Medically Unexplained Symptoms Functional disorder · CBT · symptom legitimacy · biopsychosocial model →
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ENT & Dental

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💧 Dry Mouth (Xerostomia) Sjögren's · anticholinergic burden review · parotid mass 2WW · pilocarpine · fluoride · saliva substitutes → 👂 Hearing Loss Primary care assessment, investigation and management pathway · UK GP / RCGP SCA → 👂 Otitis Media with Effusion (Glue Ear) Under 12s · middle-ear fluid without infection · 3-month active observation · OME decision table · grommets ± adenoidectomy · NICE NG233 → 👂 Tinnitus UK primary care pathway for new and persistent tinnitus presentations in adults → 🩸 Epistaxis UK primary care pathway for managing anterior and posterior epistaxis in all ages → 🔍 Neck Lump Systematic approach to diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of a neck mass in primary care → 💨 Halitosis UK primary care pathway · RCGP SCA preparation · Oral, ENT & systemic causes → 🦷 Jaw Pain UK primary care algorithm · RCGP SCA preparation · Based on NICE CKS, SIGN, BNF, BSSO Guidelines → 👂 Otalgia (Ear Pain) Primary vs referred · otoscopy, dental, TMJ & sinister causes → 🗣️ Hoarseness of Voice Laryngeal cancer exclusion · vocal cord, systemic & neurological causes → 🍽️ Dysphagia Oropharyngeal vs oesophageal · cancer exclusion & functional management → 🫤 Facial Swelling Angio-oedema airway emergency · dental abscess · parotitis · SVC obstruction · cellulitis · malignancy → 😷 Sore Throat Epiglottitis (999) · quinsy · FeverPAIN / Centor · EBV · Lemierre's · head & neck 2WW → 👄 Mouth Ulcers Recurrent aphthous · oral cancer 2WW · SJS · Behçet's · coeliac · NICE NG12 → 👅 Tongue Problems Glossitis · geographic · black hairy · burning mouth · macroglossia · tongue cancer 2WW → 👃 Loss of Smell (Anosmia) Post-viral · COVID · nasal polyps · meningioma · Parkinson's · Kallmann · olfactory training → 😋 Loss of Taste (Dysgeusia) True taste vs retronasal olfaction · zinc · drugs · Ramsay Hunt · Sjögren's · CN VII/IX → 👃 Nasal Congestion & Rhinorrhoea Allergic rhinitis INCS · CRS (EPOS) · polyps · CSF leak · rhinitis medicamentosa → 👅 Taste Disorders Dysgeusia · parosmia · zinc · Bell's / Ramsay Hunt · post-COVID training · burning mouth → 👅 Sore Mouth & Tongue 3-week ulcer 2WW · leukoplakia biopsy · aphthous · oral candida · ICS rinse · burning mouth · MRONJ →
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Ophthalmology

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👁️ Watery Eye (Epiphora) Dry-eye paradox · CNLDO · dacryocystitis · NLD obstruction (DCR) · lacrimal sac carcinoma 2WW → 👁️ Red Eye GP primary care pathway · RCGP SCA exam standard · UK NHS guidelines → 👁️ Blurry / Reduced Vision Covers acute visual loss, gradual visual deterioration, diplopia, refractive error, and ocular emergencies → 👁️ Vision Loss 9-step diagnostic pathway · Ophthalmic emergencies to chronic disease · UK GP / RCGP SCA → 👁️ Diplopia Systematic GP assessment of double vision — monocular vs binocular, benign vs emergency → 👁️ Flashes & Floaters Urgent assessment of new visual symptoms | UK primary care & ophthalmology interface → 👁️ Itchy Eye Allergic conjunctivitis · dry eye · blepharitis · contact lens · vernal · uveitis red flag → 👁️ Eye Swelling (Periorbital) Orbital cellulitis emergency · pre-septal vs orbital · chalazion · angio-oedema · thyroid eye disease → 🩸 Subconjunctival Haemorrhage Ruptured globe exclusion · BP check · anticoagulation · recurrent · VA mandatory → 👁️ Foreign Body in Eye IOFB CT 999 · chemical burn irrigation · subtarsal FB · rust ring · fluorescein →
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Women’s Health

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🤰 Hyperglycaemia in Pregnancy Gestational diabetes — OGTT thresholds, treatment ladder, postnatal follow-up. → 🌸 Pelvic Organ Prolapse 2WW irregular vaginal mass · ring pessary 65–75% GP-fitted · PFMT 3 months · POP-Q → 🌸 Amenorrhoea UK GP / RCGP SCA pathway · Covers primary, secondary, hypothalamic, PCOS, premature ovarian insufficiency & more → 💜 Dysmenorrhoea Structured 9-step pathway · Menstrual pain · UK GP / RCGP SCA → 🌸 Irregular Periods Structured 9-step pathway · Reproductive age women · UK GP / RCGP SCA → 🩸 Menorrhagia HMB defined as >80mL/cycle or significant impact on quality of life · NICE NG88-aligned → 🌸 Mastalgia UK primary care pathway · RCGP SCA exam preparation · 10-minute appointment guide → 🩸 Vaginal Bleeding Covers premenopausal, perimenopausal & postmenopausal presentations · Pregnancy-related & non-pregnancy causes → 🔬 Vaginal Discharge Differentiating BV, thrush, trichomonas, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, PID · BASHH 2023 · NICE CKS aligned → 💊 Women Requesting Contraception UKMEC-guided method selection · Emergency contraception · Special populations · FSRH 2023 → ⏱️ Emergency Contraception Cu-IUD vs oral EC · ellaOne vs Levonelle · Timing & weight rules · Quick-starting · FSRH EC → 🌸 HRT Request with Suspected Menopause NICE NG23-aligned · Perimenopause & menopause diagnosis · HRT initiation & risk assessment · MHRA 2020 → 🤢 Nausea & Vomiting in Pregnancy NVP to Hyperemesis Gravidarum · RCOG Green-top 69 & NICE NG201 aligned · Up to 16 weeks gestation focus → 🤰 Itchiness in Pregnancy Obstetric cholestasis (ICP) · Dermatoses of pregnancy · Candida · Safe management · RCOG GTG 43 → 💜 Dyspareunia (Painful Sex) Superficial vs deep · endometriosis · vulvodynia · GSM · STI · safeguarding → 🤰 Vaginal Bleeding in Pregnancy Ectopic · miscarriage · praevia · abruption · GTD · anti-D · EPAU · NICE NG126 → 🍄 Recurrent Thrush RVVC · Candida glabrata · lichen sclerosus · diabetes · fluconazole suppression · BASHH → 👶 Infertility PCOS · ovulation induction · tubal & male factor · AMH · clomifene · letrozole · IVF · NICE NG156 · POI → 🩸 Bleeding on HRT Endometrial cancer 2WW · unscheduled bleeding >6 months · pipelle · atrophy · Mirena → 🌸 Vulvar Disorders Lichen sclerosus · vulval SCC 2WW · candida · HSV · vestibulodynia · Bartholin's · GSM · safeguarding → 👶 Postnatal Disorders Puerperal sepsis 999 · postpartum psychosis MBU · EPDS · PND · postpartum thyroiditis · VTE · mastitis → 🩺 Nipple Problems Paget's 2WW · bloodstained/single-duct discharge 2WW · new retraction · galactorrhoea prolactin/MRI · male breast 2WW → 🩻 Vaginal Mass PMB 2WW · postcoital bleeding speculum · rhabdomyosarcoma (child) 2WW · prolapse POP-Q · ring pessary · pyometra →
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Haematology

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🩸 Anaemia UK primary care algorithm for adults presenting with low Hb or suspected anaemia · NICE/BSH-aligned → 🩸 Iron Deficiency Covers isolated iron deficiency, IDA, finding the cause, oral/IV iron, and cancer red flags → 🟣 Bruising Systematic approach to evaluation, investigation, and management of new or worsening bruising in adults → 🩸 Thrombocytopenia Investigation and management pathway for platelets <150 × 10⁹/L in adults → 🔴 Thrombocytosis Investigation and management pathway for platelets >450 × 10⁹/L in adults → 🔬 Leucocytosis Investigation and management pathway for WCC >11 × 10⁹/L in adults → ⚪ Leucopenia Investigation and management pathway for WCC <4 × 10⁹/L in adults → 🩺 Polycythaemia Investigation and management pathway for Hb >165 g/L (M) or >155 g/L (F), or Hct >0.52 (M) or >0.48 (F) → 🔵 Lymphadenopathy Localised vs generalised · lymphoma · metastatic cancer · infection · 6-week rule · 2WW → 🔴 Purpura & Petechiae Meningococcal sepsis = 999 · non-blanching rash · ITP · vasculitis · leukaemia · NAI → 🔬 Eosinophilia Hypereosinophilic syndrome · EGPA (Churg-Strauss) · strongyloides · DRESS · atopy · parasites · imatinib → 🫛 Splenomegaly EBV rupture risk · CML · portal hypertension · myelofibrosis · OPSI · 2WW lymphoma →
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Musculoskeletal

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🦵 Thigh PainDVT · acute ischaemia · compartment syndrome · hip fracture · meralgia / radiculopathy · NICE NG12 sarcoma → 🦵 Leg PainDVT · acute & critical ischaemia · compartment syndrome · sciatica / cauda equina · claudication · NICE NG12 sarcoma → 🦶 GoutSerum urate ≥360 · exclude septic arthritis · flare treatment · ULT treat-to-target · NICE NG219 → 🦴 Osteoporosis & fracture riskFRAX · NOGG thresholds · DXA · bisphosphonates · fragility fracture · NICE/NOGG → 🦴 Acute & Subacute Back Pain UK primary care pathway · NICE NG59 · Suitable for 10-minute consultations → 🫀 Neck Pain RCGP SCA pathway · UK primary care · 9-step algorithm → ⚡ Sciatica RCGP SCA pathway · UK primary care · 9-step algorithm → 💪 Shoulder Pain Structured pathway for acute and chronic shoulder presentations in adults · UK primary care → 🦵 Knee Pain RCGP SCA pathway · UK primary care · 9-step algorithm → 🍑 Hip Pain RCGP SCA pathway · UK primary care · 9-step algorithm → 🖐️ Hand Pain UK primary care pathway · RCGP SCA preparation · 10-minute appointment framework → 🦶 Foot Pain RCGP SCA pathway · UK primary care · 9-step algorithm → 😣 Generalised Body Aches Structured approach to widespread pain | UK primary care → 🦶 Ankle Pain Ottawa rules · ligament sprain grades · Achilles rupture (Simmonds) · gout · OA → 💪 Elbow Pain / Swelling Tennis / golfer’s elbow · olecranon bursitis · cubital tunnel · radial head fracture · septic arthritis → 🦴 Joint Pain / Swelling Septic arthritis emergency · inflammatory vs mechanical · RA / gout / reactive · DAS28 · DMARDs → 🔙 Chronic Low Back Pain (≥12 Weeks) Cauda equina = 999 · red vs yellow flags · NICE NG59 · exercise over medication → 🏃 Groin Pain Inguinal hernia · hip OA · adductor strain · lymphadenopathy · femoral hernia · meralgia paraesthetica → 🖐️ Finger Pain Flexor tenosynovitis (Kanavel) 999 · septic arthritis · RA anti-CCP window · gout · trigger finger · mallet finger → 🦶 Toe Pain Diabetic foot osteomyelitis · Charcot foot · gout podagra · Morton's neuroma · ingrown toenail · hallux valgus → 🦴 Fractures Ottawa Rules · open fracture 999 · compartment syndrome · NAI · scaphoid · fragility fracture FRAX/DEXA · hip 36h →
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General & Systemic

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🫧 Lumps & Bumps Lipoma and cyst versus the soft-tissue sarcoma red flags. → 🚨 AnaphylaxisIM adrenaline first-line · A/B/C problem · position · two auto-injectors · Resus Council UK 2021 → ⚖️ Unintentional Weight Loss Covers cancer red flags, metabolic causes, malabsorption, psychological, and obesity pharmacotherapy → 🌙 Night Sweats 9-step diagnostic and management pathway · UK GP / RCGP SCA preparation → 🧴 Widespread Itch Excluding primary skin disease · Identifying systemic causes · NICE/CKS-aligned pathway → 💇 Hair Loss UK primary care pathway · RCGP SCA preparation · All hair loss types including scarring alopecia → 🤕 Falls Multifactorial falls risk assessment | UK primary care | NICE NG191 → 😴 Tiredness / Fatigue Excluding organic, psychiatric & lifestyle causes · TATT workup → 🍽️ Anorexia (Loss of Appetite) Cancer 2WW · MARSIPAN · MUST score · refeeding · cachexia · eating disorders · NICE CG9 → 🫧 Urticaria Anaphylaxis 999 · chronic spontaneous · antihistamine step-up · omalizumab · ACEi angio-oedema · HAE → 🔴 Maculopapular Rash Meningococcaemia 999 · SJS/TEN · DRESS · Kawasaki · secondary syphilis · measles notification → 🩺 UK Screening Programmes Cervical · breast · bowel FIT · AAA · diabetic eye · NHS Health Check · BRCA/Lynch · lung TLHC → 🚗 Driving & Medical Fitness (DVLA) Epilepsy · syncope · insulin DM · dementia · OSA · cardiac · Group 1 vs 2 · GMC duty → 🔬 Pigmented Skin Lesions Melanoma ABCDE + EFG · 2WW (do not excise in primary care) · dermoscopy · actinic keratosis · BCC · lentigo maligna → 💅 Nail Disorders Subungual melanoma (Hutchinson's) 2WW · clubbing · onychomycosis · herpetic whitlow · psoriatic nails · Terry's → 🥗 Malnutrition MUST screening · refeeding syndrome · ONS prescribing · cancer cachexia · Wernicke's · food insecurity →
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Palliative & End of Life Care

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💊 Palliative Pain Management WHO ladder · opioid titration · syringe driver · MSCC · neuropathic · anticipatory prescribing → 🧬 Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression Oncological emergency · dexamethasone 16mg · whole-spine MRI ≤24h · MSCC coordinator · NG234 → 🦴 Cauda Equina Compression Saddle anaesthesia · bladder/bowel dysfunction · emergency MRI · disc vs malignant · NG59 → 🩺 Superior Vena Cava Obstruction Facial/arm swelling + dyspnoea · sit up · dexamethasone · urgent oncology · lung/lymphoma → 🦴 Malignant Hypercalcaemia Corrected calcium · IV saline rehydration · IV bisphosphonate · poor prognosis marker → 🩸 Catastrophic Haemorrhage (Palliative) Anticipate & plan · crisis midazolam (not SC) · dark towels · stay & comfort · debrief · PCF8 →
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Paediatrics

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🩸 Suspected Diabetes in Children NICE NG18 · the 4 T's · capillary glucose + ketones · exclude DKA · same-day paediatric diabetes referral → 🧒 Suspected Cancer in Children & Young People NICE NG12 · petechiae/hepatosplenomegaly → immediate · very urgent FBC 48h · absent red reflex · parental concern → 🧒 Precocious puberty<8y girls / <9y boys · intracranial red flags · refer all · every boy urgent · central vs peripheral → 🩺 Abdominal Pain in Children NICE CG161 | Appendicitis | Ages 0–12 years | UK Primary Care Pathway → 💩 Constipation in Children NICE CG99 | Bristol Stool Chart | Ages 0–12 years | UK Primary Care Pathway → 🫁 Cough in Children NICE NG117 | BTS/SIGN Asthma | Ages 0–12 years | UK Primary Care Pathway → 🌡️ Fever in Children NICE NG143 | Traffic Light System | Ages 0–12 years | UK Primary Care Pathway → 🤢 Vomiting in Children NICE CG84 | Ages 0–12 years | UK Primary Care Pathway → 🧒 UTI in Children NICE CG54-aligned pathway · Age <16 · UK GP / RCGP SCA preparation → 🦵 Limping in Children Ages 0–16 · Differential diagnosis, safety exclusion, investigation & management pathway → 🦴 Paediatric MSK Presentations UK primary care pathway for musculoskeletal symptoms in children → 🧠 Developmental Delay in Children Structured assessment for global and domain-specific developmental delay · 0–5 years primary focus · UK primary care → 📏 Faltered Growth in Children Structured assessment for weight faltering / failure to thrive · 0–5 years primary focus · UK primary care → 🍼 Cow's Milk Allergy UK primary care pathway for diagnosing and managing CMA in infants and children → 👶 Unsettled Baby Structured pathway for excessive crying / colic in infants 0–6 months · UK primary care → 🫁 Wheezy Child Acute asthma · VIW · bronchiolitis · foreign body · BTS/SIGN · WAAP · NICE NG80 → 🌙 Sleep Problems in Children OSA · behavioural insomnia · parasomnias · safeguarding · CBT-I · melatonin pathway → 🟡 Neonatal Jaundice Jaundice <24 hrs = emergency · biliary atresia (pale stools) · kernicterus · NICE NG98 → 🗣️ Speech Delay in Children Hearing loss audiology · M-CHAT ASD · DLD · regression red flag · Hanen · EHCP → 🚽 Daytime Wetting (Children) OAB bladder retraining · constipation · ectopic ureter · oxybutynin · ERIC · timed voiding → 🩺 Haematuria in Children Wilms 999 · PSGN · HSP nephritis · Alport · uPCR · glomerular vs non-glomerular → 📏 Short Stature Growth velocity · bone age · Turner karyotype · coeliac · GH deficiency · CDGP → 🏥 Surgical Problems in Children Bilious vomiting/volvulus 999 · intussusception · torsion · Wilms' · undescended testis · pyloric stenosis →
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Lab Results · Abnormal Blood Tests

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🔬 Macrocytosis High MCV · B12/folate · alcohol · MDS · hypothyroid → 🩸 Microcytosis Low MCV · iron deficiency · thalassaemia · ACD → 🦠 Lymphocytosis High lymphocytes · CLL · EBV · pertussis → 🧬 Lymphopenia Low lymphocytes · HIV · steroids · CVID → 🩸 Pancytopenia All cell lines low · marrow failure · AML/MDS · urgent → 🩸 Normocytic anaemia ACD vs early IDA · haemolysis (retic/DAT) · CKD · marrow failure · TTP → 🩸 Low ferritin Iron deficiency · GI workup · oral/IV iron · coeliac · menorrhagia → 🧬 Vitamin B12 deficiency Pernicious anaemia · neuro SACD · IM hydroxocobalamin · metformin → 🔴 High ferritin HLH (>10,000) emergency · haemochromatosis C282Y/transferrin sat · venesection · HCC surveillance · DIOS → 🥦 Low folate Check B12 BEFORE treating (SACD risk) · MTX 5mg weekly · periconception 400mcg vs 5mg · coeliac · valproate → 🔋 Hypomagnesaemia PPI-induced · refractory hypokalaemia · QT · torsades → 💧 Hypernatraemia Na⁺ >145 · correct ≤0.5 mmol/L/h (chronic) · Na >160 999 · diabetes insipidus · lithium NDI · HHS → 🦴 Abnormal bone profile Calcium · PTH · Paget's · osteomalacia · raised ALP → ☀️ Vitamin D deficiency 25-OH-D · loading regimen · osteomalacia · rickets → 🦋 Abnormal TFTs TSH interpretation · Graves · Hashimoto · pregnancy · subclinical → ⚕️ Female hormone abnormalities POI (FSH >25) HRT essential · PCOS Rotterdam · day-21 progesterone · virilising tumour (testosterone >5) 2WW · pituitary apoplexy → 🔴 High triglycerides Pancreatitis risk · metabolic syndrome · fibrates · EPA → 🔥 Raised CRP / ESR Sepsis · GCA same-day · PMR · myeloma · vasculitis → 🧬 Abnormal immunoglobulins MGUS · myeloma CRAB · serum FLC · CVID · paraprotein → 🔬 Abnormal tumour markers PSA · CA125 RMI · CEA · AFP · 2WW thresholds → 🔬 Raised PSA Age-adjusted thresholds · mpMRI before biopsy (NG131) · malignant DRE → 2WW · ADT · MSCC → 🧬 Allergy test abnormalities Sensitisation vs clinical allergy · sIgE needs history · tryptase/mastocytosis · penicillin de-labelling · OAS · venom immunotherapy →
Educational use. 250+ clinical pathways listed here, plus the lab-value pathways on the Lab Results hub, anchored to NICE / CKS guidance (2026). Each is a reference tool for UK GP trainees and early-career GPs — always verify against current local guidance and the patient's individual context.